Some of the common diseases found in Indian fowl are as follows:

Poultry farming can be greatly hindered by the spread of diseases and predation from other wildlife. It is much more cost-effective to invest in preventative measures rather than attempt a cure when the issue has already occurred. Unfortunately, many birds in India are targeted by predators like cats, dogs, foxes, mongooses, and bandicoots; it's important that we take steps to protect our flocks as best we can!

 It's common for smaller birds, such as chicks, to become the target of hawks, snakes, and rats. In India, where most poultries are cultured in rural areas with a natural environment, these predators account for more than half of poultry losses. However, utilizing fences combined with an advanced scientific system has significantly reduced this destruction rate to a minimal level.

1. Ranikhet (Newcastle Disease)

It is an incredibly contagious virus and has devastating consequences with a mortality rate of 80-100%. Symptoms include lethargy, lack of appetite, breathing problems, green diarrhea, and coughing or sneezing followed by paralysis. Unfortunately, there is no cure for this disease; however one can take precautionary measures to ward it off.

 To ensure the health of your flock, it is recommended to vaccinate one-day-old chicks by dropping antivaccine in their eyes and nostrils. This should be done again after two months for optimal protection alongside regular vaccinations for adult birds once a year. If any bird appears unwell or sickly, it must be quickly segregated from the rest of the group as soon as possible.

2. Fowl Pox:

This virulent infection is highly contagious and its effect is especially severe for younger birds, with a mortality rate of almost 100%. Symptoms include wart-like bumps on the comb and wattles accompanied by a yellow cheesy discharge that can block nostrils or eyes. Unfortunately, there are currently no known cures; however, washing the afflicted's skin in Dettol or applying silver nitrate/saturated picric acid solution to affected areas may alleviate some symptoms.

 To stop the spread of the disease, chicks that are over four weeks old should be vaccinated in their thighs with a "pigeon pox vaccine." For 12-16 week-olds, they need to receive an inoculation using the “fowl pox vaccine” on their wings. In case of an unexpected outbreak, all contaminated birds must be instantly quarantined.

3. Tick Fever:

Tick fever or Spirochaetosis is a devastating illness caused by the Borrelia Gallinarum bacteria. An Argus persicus tick can transfer this disease from one bird to another - and it doesn't take much for it to start spreading rapidly throughout an entire flock! Common signs of infection include sudden fluctuations in body temperature, loss of appetite, extreme thirstiness, and copious amounts of mucous discharge; if left untreated these symptoms could lead to paralysis in the legs/wings followed quickly by death within 24-48 hours - making Tick Fever extremely dangerous with up to 100% mortality rate.

 To help the affected bird, administering Soamin and Sulphursenol in a 2:1 ratio per kilogram of body weight should be done via injection into the breast muscle after dissolving them together in distilled water. To ensure that birds are safe from parasites, use tick-free material when constructing their house, as well as rub new acquisitions with Gamaxine or BHC powder for prevention. In addition to these steps, it's highly recommended to inject your feathered friends with Sulphursenol once yearly for additional safety measures.

4. Tuberculosis:

It is caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria, which is a highly infectious disease that leads to muscle wasting and in severe cases can cause paralysis of the legs. Unfortunately, once detected via tuberculin test there is no known treatment for this deadly illness so it must be isolated immediately.

5. Fowl Cholera:

Fowl cholera is a rare disease in India, which is caused by the Pasteurella Ariseptica bacteria. Symptoms include diarrhea and general weakness. To treat this condition, birds should be given one ounce of Sulphamezathine (16%) dissolved in seven liters of drinking water that has been mixed with methanol and thymol. Vaccination with “fowl cholera serum” followed by “fowl cholera vaccine” after a week can help to prevent the spread of fowl cholera among birds; any infected birds should also be kept separated from healthy ones.

6. Avian Leucosis:

Avian Influenza is a virus-induced infection that's deemed to be serious. The signs vary depending on which body parts have been impacted. Heart failure and paralysis are two common causes of death with this illness, but unfortunately, there is no known cure for it as of yet. On the other hand, you can minimize your risk by breeding resistant poultry strains and keeping any equipment used in handling them clean at all times; additionally, any affected birds should be culled straight away.

7. Infectious Coryza:

Haemophilus Gallinarum and PLO gems cause this disease, which is characterized by inflammation of the head sinuses and respiratory passageway resulting in breathing difficulties. In addition to coughing and sneezing, birds become lethargic when infected with the sickness. Unfortunately, there are no treatments or preventive medicines for it; however, controlling sanitary conditions can help limit its spread. By reducing dampness we can also guard against transmission of this illness as much as possible.

8. Rickets:

The lack of certain vitamins, such as D, calcium, and phosphorus is the root cause of this condition in chicks. Its symptoms include stunted growth, lameness, or limping due to thickened leg bones, plus a bulging chest bone. Sadly there is no remedy once it has taken hold; however preventive methods can be put into place to avoid chick suffering from these deficiencies. An ideal approach would involve providing them with food mixed with ground oyster shells along with ample sun exposure - ensuring their bodies have access to essential nutrients necessary for healthy development.

9. Nutritional Roup:

Poor nutrition due to a lack of vitamin A can have an effect on birds of all ages. Warning signs to be aware of include lameness, discharge from the nostrils and eyes, as well as swelling beneath the eye. To protect against these symptoms, ensure you are providing your bird with ample fresh leafy greens, yellow maize, and shark liver oil if available.

10. Crop Bound:

This medical condition results from frequent overindulgence, particularly with the coarse and fibrous fare. The crop will swell and stick out noticeably. In its early stages, a teaspoon of castor oil is an excellent form of treatment; however, in severe circumstances, the contents must be removed via surgery. For two to three days following the procedure, birds should only receive liquid nutrition exclusively.

11. Feather Picking:

If birds are confined in an overcrowded space, they may start displaying a peculiar habit of picking their feathers, toes, combs, etc. This can be caused by malnutrition or deficiencies. An effective treatment option is to add 2-4% extra salt in the feed and for severe cases trimming the upper mandible with a sharp knife or isolating them from other birds should do the trick.

12. Perosis:

Manganese deficiency in developing chicks can lead to a crippling disease known as shipped tendon. The telltale signs include enlargement of the hock joints and curving of long bones near their ends, ultimately making it difficult for them to move around with ease. Unfortunately, there is no cure for this condition; however, easily avoiding it by providing your chicks with enough manganese salts within their feed is possible.

13. Coccidiosis:

Coccidiosis, an illness caused by a collection of protozoan parasites called coccidia, is characterized by two principal members: Eimeria tenella and Eimeria mitis. These pests specifically target the caeca (caecal coccidiosis) and the anterior portion of the small intestine (intestinal coccidiosis).

 Birds suffering from coccidiosis present a variety of symptoms, such as oocysts in their droppings, bloody diarrhea, and lethargy. They may also have difficulty eating or drinking and experience feather loss. Additionally, wing paralysis is possible. Fortunately, this condition can be treated with a 1/2% mixture of sulphamezathine and sulphaquinoxaline given via the water supply for approximately 7 days. In order to prevent future occurrences it's important to keep cages cleanly maintained as well as administer feed containing sulfa drugs on occasion.

14. Round Worm:

Ascaredia gallinerum and Я. gallinerum are internal helminth parasites that commonly affect birds, resulting in slow growth, reduced appetite, overall weakness, and the occasional bloody diarrhea. To treat affected birds, one should provide them with 0.5 grams of phenothiazine orally - for chicks, this dosage must be halved to prevent overdose or adverse effects. As a precautionary measure against further infection or contamination among other avian species; it is also recommended to mix tobacco dust into feed mesh at a ratio of 1:50 over the course of an entire month as well!

15. Tape Worm:

A dangerous internal helminth parasite affects birds, and signs of its infection include anemia, leg weakness, lameness, and exacerbating diarrhea. If untreated in young chicks this can be fatal; however, adults may survive with weak health if treated soon enough. To treat the parasitic infestation it is recommended to introduce homicide into their drinking water (one pound dissolved in one gallon of water) or prescribe Beutainorate (150 mg capsule). Additionally, for prevention efforts, you should focus on improved sanitation and regular spraying of insecticides onto the droppings which will restrict any further spread.

16. External Parasites:

A variety of parasites, such as lice, ticks, mites, and fleas can cause significant distress to birds. To prevent the spread of these pests, regular spraying with DDT dust or gammexane is recommended in addition to dusting birds with sodium fluoride and a mixture made up of one part tobacco powder, one part sulfur, and ten parts wood ash. By following these preventive measures you will help keep your poultry healthy while also safeguarding against potential losses.

Concluding Thoughts

Not only are there a multitude of environmental factors that can cause the less prevalent diseases, such as "Egg bound," Vent gleet," "Bumblefoot," and "Subcutaneous Emphysema," all of which inhibit egg-laying ability or lead to skin inflammation and distension. It is essential to prevent poultry from getting affected using disinfectants like Virkon S, Biobuster, and KOHRSOLIN-TH for prevention.